The Ukrainian famine (1932-1933), or Holodomor was one of the largest national catastrophes of the Ukrainian nation in modern history with direct loss of human life in the range of millions (estimates vary). While the famine in Ukraine was a part of a wider famine that also affected other regions of the USSR, the name Holodomor is specifically applied to the events that took place in territories populated by ethnic Ukrainians. The word comes from the Ukrainian words holod, ‘hunger’, and mor, ‘plague’,possibly from the expression moryty holodom, ‘to inflict death by hunger’.
The famine mostly affected the rural population and in comparison to the previous famine in the USSR during 1921–22, which was caused by drought, and the next one in 1947, the famine of 1932-1933 in Ukraine was caused not by infrastructure breakdown, or war, but by deliberate political and administrative decisions. The result was disastrous. Within a few months, the Ukrainian countryside, one of the most fertile agricultural regions in the world, was the scene of a general famine.
Most modern historians agree that the famine was caused by the policies of the government of the Soviet Union under Stalin, rather than by natural causes, and the Holodomor is sometimes referred to as the Ukrainian Genocide, implying that the famine was engineered by the Soviets, specifically targeting the Ukrainian people to destroy the Ukrainian nation as a political factor and social entity.However, some scholars note that natural causes (weather and inadequate harvest) and insufficient traction power were also among the reasons that contributed to the origins of famine and its severity.
While historians continue to disagree whether the policies which led to the famine fall under the legal definition of genocide, the governments of some countries, including Ukraine, consider the famine to be such.
Голодомор 1932—1933 рр. (За межами України відомий як Famine Genocide, Ukrainian Genocide) — навмисно організована шляхом штучного голоду масова загибель українців. Дослідженнями (Джеймс Мейс, Роберт Конквест та інші) було доведено, що Голодомор відповідає загальноприйнятому (резолюція про геноцид, ухвалена ООН у 1948 р.) визначенню геноциду. Факт гeноциду українців сталінським рeжимом у 1932—1933 р. офіційно визнаний урядами України, Австралії, Угорщини, Ватикану, Литви, Естонії, Італії, Аргентини, Канади, Грузії, Польщі, Сполучeних Штатів Амeрики, Іспанії та Перу
Les commentaires sont fermés.